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The 1949–1956 Palestinian exodus was the continuation of the 1947-49 exodus of Palestinian Arabs from Israeli-controlled territory after the signing of the ceasefire agreements.〔(Egypt Israel Armistice Agreement ) UN Doc S/1264/Corr.1 of 23 February 1949〕〔(Lebanon Israel Armistice Agreement ) UN Doc S/1296 of 23 March 1949〕〔(Hashemite Jordanian Kingdom Israel Armistice Agreement ) UN Doc S/1302/Rev.1 of 3 April 1949〕〔(Syria Israel Armistice Agreement ) UN Doc S/1353 of 20 July 1949〕 This period of the exodus〔Ghada Karmi (Editor), Eugene Cotran (Editor) (28 Jan 1999) "The Palestinian Exodus: 1948-1998" Ithaca Press ISBN 0-86372-244-X〕 was characterised predominantly by forced expulsion during the consolidation of the state of Israel and ever increasing tension along the ceasefire lines ultimately leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis.〔Benny Morris, (1993). "Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956; Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War"; Oxford Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-829262-7〕 Between 1949 and 1950, according to historian Benny Morris, Israel had displaced and expelled between 30,000 to 40,000 Palestinians and Bedouin.〔Morris (2004)"Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited ISBN 0-521-00967-7 p 536. "Excluding the Negev Beduoin, it is probable that the number of Arabs kicked out of, or persuaded to leave, the country in the border-clearing operations and in the internal anti-infiltration sweeps during 1948-1950 was around 20,000. If one includes expelled northern Negev Bedouin, the total may have been as high as 30,000-40,000."〕 Many villages along the ceasefire lines and the Lebanon border area were also leveled, many emptied villages were resettled by new Jewish immigrants and demobilized Israeli military forces.〔Morris (2004) Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited Cambridge University press ISBN 0-521-81120-1 pp xviii-xx; key to map 3 giving 186 former Arab villages repopulated by Jews.〕〔"The Ethnic cleansing of Palestine" Ilan Pappé (2006) Oneworld Publications ISBN 978-1-85168-467-0 p. 186: "The major activities towards the end of the 1948 ethnic cleansing operation now focused on implementing Israel's anti-repatriation policy on two levels. The first level was national, introduced in August 1948 by an Israeli governmental decision to destroy all the evicted villages and transform them into new Jewish settlements or 'natural' forests."〕 Israel argued this was motivated by security considerations linked with the situation at the borders. During the consolidation period, Israel was more intent on gaining control of the demilitarized zones on the Syrian, Jordanian and Egyptian fronts than on her image abroad.〔Benny Morris, (1993). "Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956; Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War"; Oxford Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-829262-7 p 11:- Zionist mainstream thought had always regarded the Jewish State from the Mediterranean sea to the Jordan River as its ultimate goal. The vision of 'Greater Israel' as Zionism's ultimate objective did not end with the 1948 war. The politicians of the 'Right' primarily of the Revisionist Herut party, led by Menachem Begin, continued throughout 1949 and the early and mid 1950s to clamour publicly for the conquest of the West Bank.〕〔"1949 The First Israelis" Tom Segev reprinted 1998 ISBN 0-8050-5896-6 p 6: Ben-Gurion to aides "Before the founding of the State on the eve of its creation, our main interest was self defense. To a large extent, the creation of the state was an act of self defense...Many think that we're still at the same stage. But now the issue at hand is conquest, not self defense. As to setting the borders—it's an open ended matter. In the Bible as well as in our history there are all kinds of definitions of the country's borders, so there is no real limit. No border is absolute. If it's the desert-it could just as well be the other side. If it's the sea, it could also be across the sea. The world has always been this way. Only the terms have changed. If they should find a way of reaching other stars, well then, perhaps the whole earth will no longer suffice."〕〔The Iron Wall; Israel and the Arab World Avi Shlaim (2000) ISBN 0-14-028870-8 p69〕〔"David Ben-Gurion, the State of Israel and the Arab world 1949-1956"; Zakai Shalom, (2002) Sussex Academic press ISBN 1-902210-21-2 p. 60: "In the first years of Israeli independence building up the state security and power was seen by Ben-Gurion as more important than political and media-orientated matter. He believed that Israel had to understand that if it wished to stabilise its position and realize Zionist goals, it could do so only from a position of strength, together with the accompanying risk of condemnation and confrontation with the international community."〕 ==Background== Arab League's Secretary-General Azzam Pasha, according to an interview in an 11 October 1947 article of ''Akhbar al-Yom'', said: "I personally wish that the Jews do not drive us to this war, as this will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacres and the Crusades". A week before the armies marched, Azzam Pasha said to British diplomat Alec Kirkbride: "It does not matter how many there are. We will sweep them into the sea."〔Morris 2008 p. 187; quoting p.24 of (Kirkbride's memoirs )〕 On 30 May 1948, Yosef Weitz, head of the Settlement Department of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) recorded in his diary: "We have begun the operation of cleansing, removing the rubble and preparing the villages for cultivation and settlement. Some of these will become parks"〔"The Ethnic cleansing of Palestine" Ilan Pappé (2006) Oneworld Publications ISBN 978-1-85168-467-0 p 221〕 Immediately after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Israel started on a process of nation building with the first general elections held on 25 January 1949. Chaim Weizmann was installed as Israel's first President and Ben-Gurion as head of the Mapai party attained the position he had held in the Provisional government of Israel that of Prime minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion emphatically rejected the return of refugees in the Israeli Cabinet decision of June 1948 reiterated in a letter to the UN of 2 August 1949 containing the Text of a statement made by Moshe Sharett on 1 August 1948 where the basic attitude of the Israeli Government was that a solution must be sought, not through the return of the refugees to Israel, but through the resettlement of the Palestinian Arab refugee population in other states.〔(UN Doc. IS/33 2 August, 1948 ) Text of a statement made by Moshe Sharett on 1 August 1948〕 The Israeli government was of the view that the armistice agreements gave them 3 indisputable rights:〔"The Iron Wall; Israel and the Arab World" Avi Shlaim (2000) Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-028870-8 p 57〕 *1. That the ceasefire was binding on regular armies, irregular forces and civilians. *2. That the ceasefire line should be treated as an international border, pending full ''de jure'' recognition in a final peace agreement. *3. The right to settle Jews on all the land within their territory, with the right to develop the economy without having to take into account the rights of the previous owners. The Arab nations conversely also saw the General Armistice Agreements as conferring 3 rights:〔 *1. That the agreements were a truce and therefore did not end the state of war. *2. That the ceasefire lines were temporary and were not an international border. *3. The Armistice Agreements did not cancel out the refugees right of return. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1949–56 Palestinian exodus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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